Most heaths are low shrubs

The recolonising tree species will depend on what is available as the local seed source, and thus it may not reflect the natural vegetation before the heathland became established. Heaths are widespread worldwide but are fast disappearing and considered a rare habitat in Europe. Extensive heath communities can also be found in the California chaparral, New Caledonia, central Chile, and along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

The heaths have small, usually very narrow leaves arranged in whorls set closely together on the shoots. The long-lasting flowers have four sepals and a four-cleft bell-shaped or tubular corolla , which is inflated in many species. but some African species are large bushes or trees. Pollination of the flowers may be by wind, birds, or insects, depending on the species.

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